WireGuard 协议
sing-box 中的 WireGuard 以 Endpoint(而非 inbound/outbound 对)方式实现,使用 wireguard-go 库,支持两种设备后端:gVisor 用户态网络和系统 TUN。该 endpoint 同时支持入站和出站流量、用于 ICMP/ping 的 NAT 设备包装以及对等节点 DNS 解析。
源码: protocol/wireguard/endpoint.go, transport/wireguard/endpoint.go, transport/wireguard/device.go, transport/wireguard/device_nat.go
Endpoint 架构
WireGuard 使用 endpoint.Adapter 模式,这是 inbound+outbound 的组合:
type Endpoint struct {
endpoint.Adapter
ctx context.Context
router adapter.Router
dnsRouter adapter.DNSRouter
logger logger.ContextLogger
localAddresses []netip.Prefix
endpoint *wireguard.Endpoint
}它实现了多个 interface:
var (
_ adapter.OutboundWithPreferredRoutes = (*Endpoint)(nil)
_ dialer.PacketDialerWithDestination = (*Endpoint)(nil)
)网络支持
WireGuard 支持 TCP、UDP 和 ICMP:
endpoint.NewAdapterWithDialerOptions(C.TypeWireGuard, tag,
[]string{N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP, N.NetworkICMP}, options.DialerOptions)Device Interface
Device interface 抽象了不同的 WireGuard 隧道实现:
type Device interface {
wgTun.Device // 读/写数据包
N.Dialer // DialContext / ListenPacket
Start() error
SetDevice(device *device.Device)
Inet4Address() netip.Addr
Inet6Address() netip.Addr
}Device 工厂
NewDevice 工厂根据 System 标志选择实现:
func NewDevice(options DeviceOptions) (Device, error) {
if !options.System {
return newStackDevice(options) // gVisor 用户态协议栈
} else if !tun.WithGVisor {
return newSystemDevice(options) // 系统 TUN 设备
} else {
return newSystemStackDevice(options) // 系统 TUN + gVisor 协议栈
}
}- Stack Device(默认):通过 gVisor 的纯用户态网络。不需要内核 TUN 设备。
- System Device:在操作系统上创建真实的 TUN 接口。需要提升权限。
- System Stack Device:系统 TUN 配合 gVisor 进行包处理。
NAT Device 包装器
NatDevice 包装 Device 以通过源地址重写提供 ICMP/ping 支持:
type NatDevice interface {
Device
CreateDestination(metadata, routeContext, timeout) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error)
}
type natDeviceWrapper struct {
Device
ctx context.Context
logger logger.ContextLogger
packetOutbound chan *buf.Buffer
rewriter *ping.SourceRewriter
buffer [][]byte
}NAT Device 创建
如果底层设备不原生支持 NAT,则应用包装器:
tunDevice, _ := NewDevice(deviceOptions)
natDevice, isNatDevice := tunDevice.(NatDevice)
if !isNatDevice {
natDevice = NewNATDevice(options.Context, options.Logger, tunDevice)
}数据包拦截
NAT 包装器拦截读操作以注入出站 ICMP 响应,拦截写操作以重写 ICMP 源地址:
func (d *natDeviceWrapper) Read(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (n int, err error) {
select {
case packet := <-d.packetOutbound:
defer packet.Release()
sizes[0] = copy(bufs[0][offset:], packet.Bytes())
return 1, nil
default:
}
return d.Device.Read(bufs, sizes, offset)
}
func (d *natDeviceWrapper) Write(bufs [][]byte, offset int) (int, error) {
for _, buffer := range bufs {
handled, err := d.rewriter.WriteBack(buffer[offset:])
if handled {
// ICMP 响应在内部处理
} else {
d.buffer = append(d.buffer, buffer)
}
}
// 将非 ICMP 包转发给真实设备
d.Device.Write(d.buffer, offset)
}传输层 Endpoint
transport/wireguard/endpoint.go 管理 WireGuard 设备的生命周期:
type Endpoint struct {
options EndpointOptions
peers []peerConfig
ipcConf string
allowedAddress []netip.Prefix
tunDevice Device
natDevice NatDevice
device *device.Device
allowedIPs *device.AllowedIPs
}IPC 配置
WireGuard 配置通过 IPC 协议字符串传递给 wireguard-go:
privateKeyBytes, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(options.PrivateKey)
privateKey := hex.EncodeToString(privateKeyBytes)
ipcConf := "private_key=" + privateKey
if options.ListenPort != 0 {
ipcConf += "\nlisten_port=" + F.ToString(options.ListenPort)
}对等节点配置以类似方式生成:
func (c peerConfig) GenerateIpcLines() string {
ipcLines := "\npublic_key=" + c.publicKeyHex
if c.endpoint.IsValid() {
ipcLines += "\nendpoint=" + c.endpoint.String()
}
if c.preSharedKeyHex != "" {
ipcLines += "\npreshared_key=" + c.preSharedKeyHex
}
for _, allowedIP := range c.allowedIPs {
ipcLines += "\nallowed_ip=" + allowedIP.String()
}
if c.keepalive > 0 {
ipcLines += "\npersistent_keepalive_interval=" + F.ToString(c.keepalive)
}
return ipcLines
}两阶段启动
endpoint 有两阶段启动以处理对等节点 endpoint 的 DNS 解析:
func (w *Endpoint) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
switch stage {
case adapter.StartStateStart:
return w.endpoint.Start(false) // 不进行 DNS 解析的启动
case adapter.StartStatePostStart:
return w.endpoint.Start(true) // 现在解析对等节点域名
}
}如果对等节点有 FQDN endpoint,解析会推迟到 PostStart 阶段(此时 DNS 可用):
ResolvePeer: func(domain string) (netip.Addr, error) {
endpointAddresses, _ := ep.dnsRouter.Lookup(ctx, domain, outboundDialer.(dialer.ResolveDialer).QueryOptions())
return endpointAddresses[0], nil
},保留字节
WireGuard 支持每个对等节点的保留字节(被某些实现如 Cloudflare WARP 使用):
if len(rawPeer.Reserved) > 0 {
if len(rawPeer.Reserved) != 3 {
return nil, E.New("invalid reserved value, required 3 bytes")
}
copy(peer.reserved[:], rawPeer.Reserved[:])
}Bind 选择
endpoint 根据拨号器类型使用不同的 bind 实现:
wgListener, isWgListener := common.Cast[dialer.WireGuardListener](e.options.Dialer)
if isWgListener {
bind = conn.NewStdNetBind(wgListener.WireGuardControl())
} else {
// 用于单对等节点连接的 ClientBind
bind = NewClientBind(ctx, logger, dialer, isConnect, connectAddr, reserved)
}协议层 Endpoint
protocol/wireguard/endpoint.go 处理路由集成:
本地地址重写
到 WireGuard endpoint 自身地址的连接会被重写为回环地址:
func (w *Endpoint) NewConnectionEx(ctx, conn, source, destination, onClose) {
for _, localPrefix := range w.localAddresses {
if localPrefix.Contains(destination.Addr) {
metadata.OriginDestination = destination
if destination.Addr.Is4() {
destination.Addr = netip.AddrFrom4([4]uint8{127, 0, 0, 1})
} else {
destination.Addr = netip.IPv6Loopback()
}
break
}
}
}出站 DNS 解析
outbound 使用 DNS 路由器解析 FQDN:
func (w *Endpoint) DialContext(ctx, network, destination) (net.Conn, error) {
if destination.IsFqdn() {
destinationAddresses, _ := w.dnsRouter.Lookup(ctx, destination.Fqdn, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
return N.DialSerial(ctx, w.endpoint, network, destination, destinationAddresses)
}
return w.endpoint.DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
}首选路由
endpoint 通告其可路由的地址,使路由器能够为匹配的目标选择它:
func (w *Endpoint) PreferredAddress(address netip.Addr) bool {
return w.endpoint.Lookup(address) != nil
}暂停管理器集成
endpoint 响应设备暂停/唤醒事件(如移动端休眠):
func (e *Endpoint) onPauseUpdated(event int) {
switch event {
case pause.EventDevicePaused, pause.EventNetworkPause:
e.device.Down()
case pause.EventDeviceWake, pause.EventNetworkWake:
e.device.Up()
}
}配置示例
{
"type": "wireguard",
"tag": "wg-ep",
"system": false,
"name": "wg0",
"mtu": 1420,
"address": ["10.0.0.2/32", "fd00::2/128"],
"private_key": "base64-encoded-private-key",
"peers": [
{
"address": "server.example.com",
"port": 51820,
"public_key": "base64-encoded-public-key",
"pre_shared_key": "optional-base64-psk",
"allowed_ips": ["0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"],
"persistent_keepalive_interval": 25,
"reserved": [0, 0, 0]
}
],
"workers": 2
}